Which anatomical term describes a structure located farther from the trunk?

The term that describes a structure located farther from the trunk is "distal." In anatomical terminology, "distal" refers to a position that is away from the point of attachment or origin, which in a broader context typically represents the trunk of the body. For example, when discussing the limbs, the fingers are considered distal relative to the shoulder, as the shoulder is the trunk attachment point for the arm.

The other terms relate to different anatomical orientations. "Proximal" indicates a position closer to the trunk or point of attachment, while "medial" describes a structure that is closer to the midline of the body. "Lateral," on the other hand, refers to a position that is farther from the midline. Therefore, "distal" is specifically appropriate when identifying structures farther from the trunk.