What is the muscle primarily responsible for hip extension?

The gluteus maximus is the primary muscle responsible for hip extension due to its anatomical position and biomechanical role. This large muscle is situated in the posterior part of the hip and pelvis and is known for its powerful capability to extend and externally rotate the hip joint.

During hip extension, such as when standing up from a seated position or during activities like running and jumping, the gluteus maximus is heavily recruited to pull the thigh backward relative to the body. Its strength and size allow it to produce significant force necessary for these powerful movements. In contrast, the quadriceps primarily assist with knee extension rather than directly influencing hip extension. The pectineus is more involved in hip flexion and adduction, while the sartorius assists in flexing the hip but is not a primary mover for hip extension. Therefore, the gluteus maximus stands out as the key muscle for this action.