What is the anatomical term for the end of a long bone?

The anatomical term for the end of a long bone is epiphysis. This region of the bone is located at both ends, where it is often involved in the formation of joints with adjacent bones. The epiphysis is typically covered by articular cartilage, which helps to reduce friction and absorb shock at the joint, allowing for smooth movements between bones. The structure of the epiphysis also plays a critical role in the growth and development of bones during childhood and adolescence, as it contains regions known as growth plates that facilitate lengthening of the bone.

Understanding the role and characteristics of the epiphysis is essential for recognizing how long bones function in the skeletal system, particularly in terms of mobility and supporting weight. The other options represent different parts of a long bone or its surrounding structures. The diaphysis refers to the long, tubular shaft of the bone, while the metaphysis is the region where the diaphysis meets the epiphysis. The periosteum, on the other hand, is a dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the outer surface of the bone, involved in growth and repair rather than being a part of the bone structure itself.