Identify the primary muscles used in the squat exercise.

The primary muscles utilized in the squat exercise are the quadriceps, hamstrings, and gluteus maximus.

The quadriceps, located on the front of the thigh, are engaged predominantly during the upward phase of the squat to extend the knee as the individual pushes up from the squat position. This group of four muscles is critical for maintaining stability and power throughout the movement.

The hamstrings, positioned at the back of the thigh, play a vital role in controlling the descent during the squat and in stabilizing the knee joint. They assist in bending the knee and allow for hip extension, making them crucial during both the lowering and raising phases of the squat.

The gluteus maximus, the largest muscle in the buttocks, is primarily responsible for hip extension. It becomes especially active when rising from the squat, contributing to powerful propulsion and overall stability in the hips and pelvis during the squat movement.

Together, these muscle groups work synergistically to perform the squat efficiently and effectively, focusing on strength development in the lower body.